After the Bommai judgment, this course of action has become quite difficult, since the courts have affirmed their right to review it.

This power, known as the president's rule, was abused earlier, as state governments became dismissed for the weakest motives, and more because of the party's political bewilderment in power at the center. Article 356 authorizes the President to dismiss a state government and assume direct authority when a situation arises in which the State Government can not be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. Like the President and the Prime Minister, each has a Governor (in the case of states) or the Lieutenant Governor (in the case of Union Territories) and a Chief Minister. Each state and each territory of the Union of India has its own government. This unique combination makes it almost federal in shape. Can be seen in the Constitution of India. Center, the appointment of the state governor by the Center, All Indian Services, Emergency Provisions, etc. The common characteristics of a federation such as the written Constitution, the supremacy of the Constitution, the rigidity of the Constitution, two governments, the division of powers, bicameralism and the independent judiciary, as well as unitary features such as the Single Constitution, The integrated judiciary, the flexible constitution. (2) The State shall not make any law which takes away or abridges the rights conferred by this Part and any law made in contravention of this clause shall, to the extent of the contravention, be void. Article 13: Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights (1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately before the commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they are inconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extent of such inconsistency, be void. Article 12: Definition In this Part, unless the context otherwise required, “the State” includes the Governmental and and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India. All people, irrespective of race, religion, caste or sex, have been given the right to move the Supreme Court and the High Courts for the enforcement of their fundamental rights. There are seven categories of Fundamental rights which are covered from Articles 12-35. The fundamental rights were included in the constitution because they were considered essential for the development of the personality of every individual and to preserve human dignity. Part III of the talks about Fundamental Rights.

Malayalam Indian constitution pdf